HTML5 Canvas 图层管理性能技巧

创建 Konva 应用时，性能方面最重要的考虑因素是图层管理。 Konva 与其他 Canvas 库的一个区别是，它可以创建独立图层， 并让每个图层使用自己的 Canvas 元素。这意味着，我们可以对部分舞台元素 执行动画、过渡或更新，而不重绘其他元素。 检查 Konva 舞台的 DOM 时，可以看到每个图层都有一个 Canvas 元素。

本教程包含两个图层：一个动画图层，以及一个包含文本的静态图层。 由于没有必要持续重绘文本，因此文本位于单独的图层中。

注意：不要创建过多图层。通常最多使用 3 到 5 个图层。

以下示例展示了高效的图层管理：

Vanilla

import Konva from 'konva';

const stage = new Konva.Stage({
  container: 'container',
  width: window.innerWidth,
  height: window.innerHeight,
});

// Static layer for text
const textLayer = new Konva.Layer();
stage.add(textLayer);

// Animated layer for shapes
const animLayer = new Konva.Layer();
stage.add(animLayer);

// Add static text
const text = new Konva.Text({
  x: 20,
  y: 20,
  text: 'This text is in a static layer.\nThe circle below is in an animated layer.',
  fontSize: 16,
  fill: 'black'
});
textLayer.add(text);

// Add animated circle
const circle = new Konva.Circle({
  x: 100,
  y: 100,
  radius: 30,
  fill: 'red',
});
animLayer.add(circle);

// Create animation
const anim = new Konva.Animation((frame) => {
  // Move circle in a figure-8 pattern
  const scale = 100;
  const centerX = stage.width() / 2;
  const centerY = stage.height() / 2;
  
  circle.x(centerX + Math.sin(frame.time / 1000) * scale);
  circle.y(centerY + Math.sin(frame.time / 2000) * scale);
}, animLayer);

anim.start();

React

import { Stage, Layer, Text, Circle } from 'react-konva';
import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';

const App = () => {
  const circleRef = useRef(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    const anim = new Konva.Animation((frame) => {
      const scale = 100;
      const centerX = window.innerWidth / 2;
      const centerY = window.innerHeight / 2;
      
      circleRef.current.x(centerX + Math.sin(frame.time / 1000) * scale);
      circleRef.current.y(centerY + Math.sin(frame.time / 2000) * scale);
    }, circleRef.current.getLayer());

    anim.start();
    return () => anim.stop();
  }, []);

  return (
    <Stage width={window.innerWidth} height={window.innerHeight}>
      {/* Static layer for text */}
      <Layer>
        <Text
          x={20}
          y={20}
          text="This text is in a static layer.\nThe circle below is in an animated layer."
          fontSize={16}
          fill="black"
        />
      </Layer>
      
      {/* Animated layer for shapes */}
      <Layer>
        <Circle
          ref={circleRef}
          x={100}
          y={100}
          radius={30}
          fill="red"
        />
      </Layer>
    </Stage>
  );
};

export default App;

Vue

<template>
  <v-stage :config="stageSize">
    <!-- Static layer for text -->
    <v-layer>
      <v-text :config="textConfig" />
    </v-layer>
    
    <!-- Animated layer for shapes -->
    <v-layer ref="animLayerRef">
      <v-circle
        ref="circleRef"
        :config="circleConfig"
      />
    </v-layer>
  </v-stage>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted, onUnmounted } from 'vue';
import Konva from 'konva';

const stageSize = {
  width: window.innerWidth,
  height: window.innerHeight
};

const textConfig = {
  x: 20,
  y: 20,
  text: 'This text is in a static layer.\nThe circle below is in an animated layer.',
  fontSize: 16,
  fill: 'black'
};

const circleConfig = ref({
  x: 100,
  y: 100,
  radius: 30,
  fill: 'red'
});

const animLayerRef = ref(null);
const circleRef = ref(null);
let anim = null;

onMounted(() => {
  anim = new Konva.Animation((frame) => {
    const scale = 100;
    const centerX = window.innerWidth / 2;
    const centerY = window.innerHeight / 2;
    
    const circle = circleRef.value.getNode();
    circle.x(centerX + Math.sin(frame.time / 1000) * scale);
    circle.y(centerY + Math.sin(frame.time / 2000) * scale);
  }, animLayerRef.value.getNode());

  anim.start();
});

onUnmounted(() => {
  if (anim) {
    anim.stop();
  }
});
</script>