为图像的非透明部分添加边框

如何在带 Alpha 通道的图像周围绘制描边？

此示例展示如何在 Konva 框架中使用自定义滤镜，创建一个沿带 Alpha 通道图像轮廓显示的边框。

精确跟踪轮廓是一项复杂任务，因此我们使用模糊阴影作为边框基础。滤镜使用所需的边框纯色替换透明或模糊像素。

**操作说明：**观察沿图像非透明部分显示的自定义边框。

import Konva from 'konva';

// Create stage
const stage = new Konva.Stage({
  container: 'container',
  width: window.innerWidth,
  height: window.innerHeight,
});

const layer = new Konva.Layer();
stage.add(layer);

// Define variables for our custom filter
let canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
let tempCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');

// Make all pixels opaque 100% (except pixels that are 100% transparent)
function removeTransparency(canvas) {
  const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
  const imageData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
  const nPixels = imageData.data.length;
  
  for (let i = 3; i < nPixels; i += 4) {
    if (imageData.data[i] > 0) {
      imageData.data[i] = 255;
    }
  }
  
  ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
  ctx.putImageData(imageData, 0, 0);
  return canvas;
}

// Define our custom Border filter
function Border(imageData) {
  const nPixels = imageData.data.length;
  const size = this.getAttr('borderSize') || 0;

  // Set correct dimensions for canvases
  canvas.width = imageData.width;
  canvas.height = imageData.height;

  tempCanvas.width = imageData.width;
  tempCanvas.height = imageData.height;

  // Draw original shape into temp canvas
  tempCanvas.getContext('2d').putImageData(imageData, 0, 0);

  // Remove alpha channel because it will affect shadow (transparent shapes have smaller shadow)
  removeTransparency(tempCanvas);

  const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
  const color = this.getAttr('borderColor') || 'black';

  // Use shadow as border
  ctx.save();
  ctx.shadowColor = color;
  ctx.shadowBlur = size;
  ctx.drawImage(tempCanvas, 0, 0);
  ctx.restore();

  // Get image data of [original image + shadow]
  const tempImageData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);

  const SMOOTH_MIN_THRESHOLD = 3;
  const SMOOTH_MAX_THRESHOLD = 10;

  let val, hasValue;
  const offset = 3;

  for (let i = 3; i < nPixels; i += 4) {
    // Skip opaque pixels
    if (imageData.data[i] === 255) {
      continue;
    }

    val = tempImageData.data[i];
    hasValue = val !== 0;
    if (!hasValue) {
      continue;
    }
    
    if (val > SMOOTH_MAX_THRESHOLD) {
      val = 255;
    } else if (val < SMOOTH_MIN_THRESHOLD) {
      val = 0;
    } else {
      val = ((val - SMOOTH_MIN_THRESHOLD) / (SMOOTH_MAX_THRESHOLD - SMOOTH_MIN_THRESHOLD)) * 255;
    }
    tempImageData.data[i] = val;
  }

  // Draw resulting image (original + shadow without opacity) into canvas
  ctx.putImageData(tempImageData, 0, 0);

  // Fill whole image with color (after that shadow is colored)
  ctx.save();
  ctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'source-in';
  ctx.fillStyle = color;
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
  ctx.restore();

  // Copy colored shadow into original imageData
  const newImageData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);

  const indexesToProcess = [];
  for (let i = 3; i < nPixels; i += 4) {
    const hasTransparentOnTop = imageData.data[i - imageData.width * 4 * offset] === 0;
    const hasTransparentOnTopRight = imageData.data[i - (imageData.width * 4 + 4) * offset] === 0;
    const hasTransparentOnTopLeft = imageData.data[i - (imageData.width * 4 - 4) * offset] === 0;
    const hasTransparentOnRight = imageData.data[i + 4 * offset] === 0;
    const hasTransparentOnLeft = imageData.data[i - 4 * offset] === 0;
    const hasTransparentOnBottom = imageData.data[i + imageData.width * 4 * offset] === 0;
    const hasTransparentOnBottomRight = imageData.data[i + (imageData.width * 4 + 4) * offset] === 0;
    const hasTransparentOnBottomLeft = imageData.data[i + (imageData.width * 4 - 4) * offset] === 0;
    
    const hasTransparentAround =
      hasTransparentOnTop ||
      hasTransparentOnRight ||
      hasTransparentOnLeft ||
      hasTransparentOnBottom ||
      hasTransparentOnTopRight ||
      hasTransparentOnTopLeft ||
      hasTransparentOnBottomRight ||
      hasTransparentOnBottomLeft;

    // Skip pixels presented in original image
    if (imageData.data[i] === 255 || (imageData.data[i] && !hasTransparentAround)) {
      continue;
    }
    
    if (!newImageData.data[i]) {
      // Skip transparent pixels
      continue;
    }
    
    indexesToProcess.push(i);
  }

  for (let index = 0; index < indexesToProcess.length; index += 1) {
    const i = indexesToProcess[index];
    const alpha = imageData.data[i] / 255;

    imageData.data[i] = newImageData.data[i];
    imageData.data[i - 1] = newImageData.data[i - 1] * (1 - alpha) + imageData.data[i - 1] * alpha;
    imageData.data[i - 2] = newImageData.data[i - 2] * (1 - alpha) + imageData.data[i - 2] * alpha;
    imageData.data[i - 3] = newImageData.data[i - 3] * (1 - alpha) + imageData.data[i - 3] * alpha;
  }
}

// Load image and apply filter
Konva.Image.fromURL('https://konvajs.org/assets/lion.png', function (image) {
  layer.add(image);
  image.setAttrs({
    x: 80,
    y: 30,
    borderSize: 5,
    borderColor: 'red',
  });

  image.filters([Border]);
  image.cache();
});